Precautions for Using Film Capacitors

Based on years of work experience, JYH HSU (JEC) engineers remind everyone to pay attention to these main matters when using metallized polypropylene film capacitors (CBB21/CBB22).

1. Working Voltage

The selection of film capacitors depends on the applied high voltage and is affected by factors such as the applied voltage and voltage waveform, frequency, and ambient temperature. Before use, please check whether the superimposed voltage across the capacitor is within the rated value, and do not exceed the upper voltage limit of the capacitor at any time.

2. Working Current

Due to the loss of the capacitor, when used under high-frequency or high-pulse conditions, the pulse or AC passing through the capacitor will cause the capacitor itself to heat up and have a temperature rise, and there will be a risk of thermal breakdown (smoke, fire). Therefore, the use conditions of capacitors are not only limited by the rated voltage, but also limited by the rated current.

3. Discharge and Charge

Since the charging and discharging of a capacitor depends on the product of the capacitance and the rate of voltage change, even for low-voltage charging and discharging, excessive capacitance or too fast a rate of voltage change will also cause damage to the capacitor. Therefore, when multiple film capacitors are connected in parallel for voltage testing or life testing, please connect an appropriate current limiting resistor in series with each capacitor.

4. Flame Retardancy

Although a fire-resistant flame-retardant material --- flame-retardant epoxy resin or plastic case is used in the outer packaging of the film capacitor, the external continuous high temperature or flame can still deform the capacitor core and cause the outer packaging to rupture, causing the capacitor core to be damaged, melt or burnt.

5. Capacitors for Suppressing Electromagnetic Interference in Power Supplies

When a capacitor is used in the power line to suppress interference, not only the normal voltage, but also an abnormal pulse voltage occurs, which may cause the capacitor to emit smoke or catch fire. Therefore, the standards of cross-line capacitors are strictly regulated in different countries. Please use certified safety capacitors. It is not recommended to use DC capacitors in jumper circuits.

Select a reliable manufacturer when purchasing electronic components can avoid a lot of unnecessary trouble. JYH HSU(JEC) (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronics) not only has full models of ceramic capacitors with guaranteed quality, but also offers worry-free after-sales. JEC factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. Welcome to contact us: https://www.jeccapacitor.com

 Hybrid Supercapacitor Battery Expecting to Charge E-Bikes within 72s

The hope that electric vehicles can be charged in as little time as it takes to refuel a gasoline vehicle has long been a dream of current and future EV drivers. But what if it could charge faster? It takes an average of two minutes to fill up with gas, according to the American Petroleum Institute, and other estimates put it longer. Swiss tech startup Morand is developing a new electrical energy storage technology that could cut electric city car charging times by a little more than half. The hybrid of conventional batteries and supercapacitors that the company's electronics division offers changes the charge rates and the provides possibility of longer life than lithium-ion batteries.

Morand is the eponymous brand of former F1 driver and team manager Benot Morand, who developed the Hope Racing Oreco 01 Hybrid, the first hybrid prototype, more than a decade ago. Along with a small team of other ex-F1 engineers and managers, Morand has set out to apply hybrid and electric technologies derived from the high end of motorsport into more practical everyday solutions.

Morand has been hard at work developing what he calls eTechnology, which he describes as an energy storage solution that combines the properties of supercapacitors and chemical batteries. As part of a testing and evaluation program, the company said a 7.2kWh eTechnology prototype was able to charge to 80% in just 72 seconds at 900A/360KW, and to 98% in 120 seconds in 2.5 minutes Internal charge to 100%. It said the independent testing was carried out by Geo Technology.

Of course, 7.2 kWh is a far cry from the 100-kWh-plus battery packs found in some of the longest-range EVs on the market. Morand, who has been focusing on low-capacitance applications such as drones and e-bikes, explained that eTechnology is best suited for applications that require fast, semi-frequent charging that takes less than five minutes. The car with the 7.2 kWh battery will be a small city car like the Citroen Ami and its 5.5 kWh battery pack.

In the case of e-bikes, Morand estimates that a bike with a 6 Ah battery can be charged in 6 minutes at a lower rate of 3.2 kW. This would be a game-changer for e-bikes, which typically take hours to fully charge. With a charge time of about six minutes, riders can plug in and recover all or most of the bike's range during short breaks, without the need to purchase and carry spare batteries. That could make e-bikes a more viable option for long-distance daily commutes and running errands.

Other benefits of eTechnology mentioned by Morand include efficient operation at extreme temperatures and the potential for more charge-discharge cycles. The company claims it has been safely tested for more than 50,000 cycles, dozens of times more than conventional battery packs.

Morand said the company is working with a production partner on low-volume production and plans to ramp up production to make the eTechnology more cost-competitive with lithium-ion batteries. The company is also looking for investors to fund the scale-up of production.

We're JYH HSU(JEC) Electronics Ltd (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronic Co., Ltd.), an electronic components manufacturer.Our factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. If you have technical questions or need samples, please contact us: https://www.jeccapacitor.com/

Analysis of Supercapacitors in Different Aspects

Capacitance

As a new energy storage component between traditional capacitors and rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors have large capacitance. Compared with other capacitors of the same size, the capacitance of supercapacitors is much larger, reaching the farad level. Some complex circuit requirements cannot be met by ordinary capacitors. At this time, supercapacitors are needed. Supercapacitors can meet the needs of complex circuit operation, have low requirements on circuit structure.

Charging Speed

The charging and discharging speed of the supercapacitor is fast, thanks to the fact that it does not undergo chemical reactions during the energy storage process, and there is no impedance generated by electrochemical reactions. The charging and discharging lines are simple and unobstructed, and can directly transmit charges and store energy. When charging, it is quickly charged to 95% of the rated capacitance.

Service Life

Supercapacitors can be charged and discharged hundreds of thousands of times. During the charging and discharging process, there will be no loss like batteries, and they can be used for a long time. 

Supercapacitor VS Battery

A supercapacitor has a larger capacitance than a normal capacitor, but not as much as a battery. With the same size, the energy stored in the battery is much higher than that of the supercapacitor, and the battery life is also more powerful. However, the charging time of the battery is long, and the charging temperature is too high. It is easy to cause fire, the use time is short, and the substance wrapped in the battery is toxic which means it will pollute the environment, while a supercapacitor will not pollute the environment.

The engineers of JYH HSU(JEC) (also Dongguan Zhixu Electronics) have been in the industry for many years and have rich experience in electronic components, and can provide you with suitable solutions. In addition, JEC provides free samples for your test and use, and considerate after-sales service. Welcome to contact us if you need electronic components. Our official website: https://www.jeccapacitor.com/

 Consider Temperature When Choosing Safety Capacitor

Safety capacitors are usually only used for filtering in anti-jamming circuits. They are used in the power supply filter to play the role of power supply filtering, and filter the common mode and differential mode interference respectively. When selecting safety capacitors, why should temperature be considered? 

The loss tangent of the capacitor is the ratio of the electrical loss of the capacitor. In general, the tangent value increases with the increase of temperature. If a safety capacitor works at a temperature of 20-30 degrees Celsius, the tangent value is 0.0010, and when it works at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius, the tangent value may be 0.0020. It can be seen the influence of temperature on the loss of the safety capacitor is great.

The capacitance of the safety capacitor changes with the temperature, which we call the temperature coefficient of the capacitor. It varies from +22% to -82%. When the temperature is too high, the compensation capacity of the capacitor will decrease, and it will resonate with a certain frequency harmonic in the power grid, causing damage to the system. Therefore, when designing a precision capacitor timing circuit and an oscillation circuit whose frequency is determined by the capacitor, the influence of temperature on the capacitance of the safety capacitor should be taken into account. Otherwise, the designed capacitor timing circuit will be inaccurate in timing and cause damage to the system.

Hopefully the content of this article can help you better understand safety capacitors. Select a reliable manufacturer when purchasing electronic components can avoid a lot of unnecessary trouble. JYH HSU(JEC) (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronics) not only has full models of ceramic capacitors with guaranteed quality, but also offers worry-free after-sales. JEC factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. Welcome to contact us: https://www.jeccapacitor.com

 How Many Types of CBB Capacitors Do You Know

The full name of CBB capacitor is metallized polypropylene film capacitor. CBB film capacitors uses metallized polypropylene films as dielectric and is wound into non-conductive structure before encapsulated with resin. It has the advantages of non-polarity, high temperature resistance, small size, wide capacitance range, high insulation resistance, good self-healing property, etc. CBB film capacitors are widely used in electronic products.

Film capacitors are divided into different film capacitors according to different categories, such as polypropylene film capacitors, polyester film capacitors, polystyrene film capacitors, etc. according to dielectric materials. Different film capacitors have different types, different capacitances, and different volumes. Common CBB capacitors include CBB13 capacitors, CBB20 capacitors, CBB21 capacitors, CBB21X capacitors, and CBB81 capacitors.

CBB13 capacitor: High-voltage polypropylene film capacitor, non-inductive structure, strong overcurrent capability, high insulation resistance, good moisture resistance, excellent frequency characteristics, etc., even at high frequency, the loss is extremely small, suitable for high frequency circuits, high voltage circuits, DC and pulsating circuits.

CBB20 capacitor: Axial metallized polypropylene capacitor, non-inductive structure. Having the characteristics of low high-frequency loss, strong over-current capability, high insulation resistance, etc., used in high-current circuits, widely used in high-current circuits, frequency conversion and frequency division In large pulse circuits, especially in hi-fi frequency divider circuits.

CBB21 capacitor: Metallized polypropylene film capacitor, small size, low high-frequency loss, low temperature rise, good self-healing, widely used in filter circuits, pulse circuits, resonant circuits and coupling circuits; used more often in filter circuits, coupling circuits.

CBB21X capacitor: Small metallized polypropylene film capacitor, because the volume is smaller than the CBB21 capacitor, it can be said to be a reduced version of the CBB21 capacitor, which has the characteristics of high insulation resistance, moisture resistance and self-healing performance. When CBB21 capacitors cannot be used in some circuits due to space restriction CBB21X capacitors can be used.

CBB81 capacitor: High-voltage metallized film capacitor, adopting inner series structure, having the characteristics of small high-frequency loss, strong over-current capability, high insulation resistance, and long service life. It is mainly used in DC, AC and high-current pulsating circuits, frequency converters surge absorption, IGBT protection and other circuits.

The above capacitors are just a few of the CBB film capacitors. There are a large number of film capacitors with different capacitances and sizes, and it is easy to choose the wrong one if you are not careful. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a manufacturer with good reputation. JYH HSU(JEC) (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronics) not only has full models of ceramic capacitors with guaranteed quality, but also offers worry-free after-sales. JEC factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. Welcome to visit our official website: https://www.jeccapacitor.com

Thermistor Applications: Wearable Medical Sensors

With the advancement of society and the development of science and technology, the level of medical care continues to improve. Medical sensors and wearable health devices are important medical equipment and instruments. If they want to be worn on the human body, their materials must be flexible and ultra-thin to make medical equipment. The instrument will move with the human body, and the wearable medical sensor directly contacts the human skin, so the problems such as the equipment temperature is too high to burn the human body or the leakage of electricity to the human body cannot be ignored.

Therefore, when the circuit is overheated, temperature control electronic components are required to control the temperature protection circuit to prevent the wearer from being burned during the operation of the device. The thermistor is a good choice.

Thermistor is a semiconductor resistor made of semiconductor material, whose resistance is sensitive to temperature. Within a certain temperature range, the resistance will change with the change of temperature. According to different temperature coefficients, it is divided into PTC thermistor and NTC thermistor. The full name of PTC thermistor is positive temperature coefficient thermistor. Its resistance value is proportional to temperature, and the resistance value also increases as the temperature rises. The full name of NTC thermistor is negative temperature coefficient thermistor. Its resistance value is inversely proportional to temperature, and its resistance value decreases as the temperature rises.

The thermistor used in the wearable medical sensor is a PTC thermistor. When the wearable medical sensor is working, the current in the circuit is too large, the temperature rises. When the temperature reaches a certain value, the resistance of the thermistor increases sharply. When the resistance value increases, the current decreases, which is equivalent to an open circuit, thereby controlling the temperature drop. When the wearable medical sensor is used, the wearer does not have to worry about being burned due to excessive temperature.

The progress of technology have made our living standards better and better. Electronic products and equipment are constantly being updated and upgraded. The demand for electronic components is also increasing. However, when choosing electronic components, we need to pay attention to distinguishing them so as not to avoid troubles.

We're JYH HSU(JEC) Electronics Ltd (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronic Co., Ltd.), an electronic components manufacturer.Our factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. If you have technical questions or need samples, welcome to contact us: https://www.jeccapacitor.com/

 How To Solve Problems During The Use Of Supercapacitors

Supercapacitor is a new type of advanced and environmentally friendly energy storage device. It stores energy through polarized electrolyte. It is between traditional capacitors and energy storage batteries. It has both the energy storage characteristics of batteries and the high-speed charge and discharge characteristics of capacitors. Compared with traditional capacitors, supercapacitors have the advantages of smaller size, higher capacitance, faster charging and discharging speed, higher power density, and more green environmental protection. They are used in power supplies such as electronic equipment, new energy vehicles, circuits and other industries. Emergency lighting systems and high-power electrical pulse equipment.

In the process of using super capacitors, various problems will inevitably occur. These problems are not caused by quality problems, but caused by improper use. How to solve these problems?

1. Electrolyte leakage

The electrolyte leakage of the supercapacitor may be due to the wrong location of the supercapacitor, which is easy to cause electrolyte leakage, and the supercapacitor structure is damaged and cannot be used. In such a case, the broken supercapacitor needs to be removed and a new one needs to be reinstalled in the correct location.

2. Damaged super capacitor case

Damage to the supercapacitor case may be due to the working environment being unsuitable for supercapacitors. For example, if the supercapacitor works in a humid environment for a long time, the moisture in the air seeps into the capacitor and accumulates, and the accumulated moisture will decompose the gas, destroying the structure of supercapacitor. The working temperature range of the super capacitor is: -40℃～70℃. In this case, it should be noted that the super capacitor cannot work in the environment of humidity, high temperature and toxic gas.

When using supercapacitors, you must pay attention to the working environment, so as to ensure the working performance and life of supercapacitors.

We're JYH HSU(JEC) Electronics Ltd (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronic Co., Ltd.), an electronic components manufacturer. Our factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. If you have technical questions or need samples, please contact us: https://www.jeccapacitor.com/

 About the Parameters on the Body of Film Capacitors

CL film capacitors are called polyester capacitors, also known as metallized polyester film capacitors. Metallized polyester film capacitor has a wide range of capacitance, from 100pF to several hundred μF and a wide range of operating voltage from tens of volts to tens of thousands of volts. It also  has high insulation resistance, good heat resistance, self-healing and non-inductive characteristics.

Do you know what the symbols and printing on film capacitors mean? What kind of information can be obtained from the printing on film capacitors?

CL21 capacitor screen printing parameters:

1. CL: The material of the capacitor is metallized polyester film.

2, 21: the model of the capacitor.

3. 224: refers to the capacitance of the capacitor. Three digits are used to indicate the capacitance of the capacitor. The first two digits represent significant digits, and the third digit is a multiple. 224 means the capacitance of the CL21 capacitor is 220000pF, which is 0.22μF.

4. J: refers to the capacitance deviation, expressed by J (±5%), K (±10%), M (±20%), etc. J means the capacitance deviation of the CL21 capacitor is ±5%.

5. 450: refers to the rated voltage value of the capacitor. The actual working voltage cannot exceed the rated voltage of the capacitor when used. 450V means that the rated voltage of the CL21 capacitor is 450V.

6. V: The voltage unit of the capacitor.

Learning the parameters of capacitors on the printing will be helpful for you when purchasing capacitors.We're JYH HSU(JEC) Electronics Ltd (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronic Co., Ltd.), an electronic components manufacturer.Our factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. If you have technical questions or need samples, please contact us. Our official website: https://www.jeccapacitor.com/

 JEC Tells You Three Reasons To Choose Super Capacitors

As a carrier for accommodating charges and storing energy, capacitors are used in many electronic products and are an important basic component of electronic products. Capacitors used in electronic products can carry out the two reaction processes of charging and discharging to provide the energy required for electronic products. With the advancement and development of science and technology, electronic products have more and more functions, electronic circuits are becoming more and more complex and sophisticated, and the requirements for capacitors are getting higher and higher. In order to meet the needs of electronic products, super capacitors appeared.

Supercapacitors, also known as electric double layer capacitors, farad capacitors, and gold capacitors, are a new type of electrochemical energy storage device, which is between traditional capacitors and rechargeable batteries. It has the discharge power of traditional capacitors and chemical battery’s ability to hold charges. Like supercapacitors, batteries can also store charges. Batteries appeared earlier than supercapacitors. We all know batteries but not necessarily supercapacitors. Now supercapacitors are gradually used in many electronic products.

Why choose supercapacitors? Here are three reasons why you should choose a supercapacitor.

1. The charging speed of super capacitor is fast

The supercapacitor can directly store charge without chemical reaction during the energy storage process, without the impedance generated by the electrochemical reaction, and the charging and discharging circuit is simple, so the charging speed of supercapacitor is fast, and it can reach more than 95% of its rated capacitance in 10 seconds to 10 minutes. The battery charging speed is slow, and it takes more than half an hour to charge to 70% of the rated capacitance.

2. The super capacitor has a long working time.

Supercapacitor is an electrochemical component between traditional capacitors and batteries. There is no chemical reaction during the energy storage process. This energy storage process is reversible, which is why supercapacitors can be repeatedly charged and discharged for hundreds of thousands of times. The battery can only be charged and discharged hundreds of times, and the working time is short.

3. Super capacitors are green and environmentally friendly

Supercapacitors will not pollute the environment from use to dismantling. They are environmentally friendly and are ideal energy sources. However, batteries contain mercury, cadmium, lead, zinc and other heavy metal harmful substances, causing pollution to soil and water sources and thus threatening the human body.

These are the reasons why many electronic products now choose to use supercapacitors. Select a reliable manufacturer when purchasing electronic components can avoid a lot of unnecessary trouble. JYH HSU(JEC) (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronics) not only has full models of ceramic capacitors with guaranteed quality, but also offers worry-free after-sales. JEC factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. Welcome to visit our official website: https://www.jeccapacitor.com

JEC Tells You How to Choose Ceramic Capacitors

Capacitors are one of the three major electronic passive components, which can hold charges and store energy. They are an indispensable basic component in electronic circuits and an important component of electronic products.

Ceramic capacitors are made of ceramics with high dielectric constant as the dielectric, and silver is plated on the ceramics by the sintering method as electrodes. There are many varieties of ceramic capacitors, and the dimensions are also very different. Ceramic capacitors have the advantages of large specific capacitance, good moisture resistance, small dielectric loss, and the temperature coefficient of capacitance can be selected in a wide range, and are widely used in electronic circuits. Many electronic products require ceramic capacitors, and the market demand for ceramic capacitors is gradually increasing. Many companies purchase ceramic capacitors in large quantities.

However, how should people who are not familiar with ceramic capacitors buy ceramic capacitors? Look at these tips when buying ceramic capacitors.

1. Look at the brand and manufacturer of ceramic capacitors

When choosing a ceramic capacitor, you must choose a capacitor manufacturer that has its own brand, production qualification and production base. Branded capacitor manufacturers are much better than non-branded in terms of quality and after-sales service. You also need to shop around to select cost-effective and suitable capacitor manufacturers.

2. Confirm the use of ceramic capacitors

Choose the appropriate ceramic capacitor according to the occasion of use. For example, class I ceramic capacitors’ loss is small, temperature stability is good, and capacitance does not change with the temperature change, thus they are suitable for high-frequency resonant circuits. Class II ceramic capacitors have low cost and small size, and are suitable for low-frequency coupling circuits, bypass circuits, and filter circuits.

3. Look at the different dielectric of ceramic capacitors

The role and use of ceramic capacitors of different dielectric are also different. Under the same specifications, due to the different filling dielectric, the capacitance of ceramic capacitors is also different, and the dielectric loss, capacitance stability, and applicable occasions of ceramic capacitors are also different. Commonly used dielectrics for ceramic capacitors include NPO/COG, X7R, Z5U, Y5V, etc.

If you don't know how to choose a ceramic capacitor, you can tell your needs to a trustworthy capacitor manufacturer. A reliable capacitor manufacturer will choose a suitable ceramic capacitor for you according to your needs.

JYH HSU(JEC) (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronics) not only has full models of ceramic capacitors with guaranteed quality, but also offers worry-free after-sales. JEC factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. Welcome to visit our official website: https://www.jeccapacitor.com

 A thermistor is a common electronic component that is sensitive to temperature. Due thermistor’s high sensitivity, ability to detect subtle temperature changes, wide operating temperature range, it is used for temperature control in air conditioners, microwave ovens, toaster ovens, printers, etc.

 

The characteristic of the thermistor is that its resistance changes with the change of temperature. The thermistor is divided into positive temperature coefficient thermistor and negative temperature coefficient thermistor according to the different temperature coefficients. The positive temperature coefficient thermistor is abbreviated as PTC. The resistance of the thermistor increases as the temperature rises. The negative temperature coefficient thermistor is referred to as the NTC thermistor, and its resistance decreases with the decrease of the temperature.

 

One of the Parameters of the Thermistor: B Value

Thermistor has an important parameter: B value. The B value is the material constant of the NTC thermistor, which can also be called the thermal index. After the chip of the thermistor is sintered at high temperature, a material with a certain resistivity is formed, which is used to describe the physical properties of the thermistor material. There is only one B value for each formulation and sintering temperature that makes the thermistor, reflecting the change in resistance between the two temperatures.

 

The B value can be calculated by measuring the resistance value at 25°C and 50°C (or 85°C). The larger the B value is, the faster the resistance value decreases with the increase of temperature, and the higher the sensitivity is, the smaller the B value is, the opposite is true. It should be noted that in actual operation, the B value is not a constant, but increases slightly with the increase of temperature.

 

The B value of the NTC thermistor is generally between 2000K-6000K, and the size of the B value depends on the application. For products used as temperature measurement, temperature compensation and surge suppression resistance, under the same conditions, it is better to have a larger B value. Because with the change of temperature, the resistance value of the product with a large B value changes more, which means that the thermistor is more sensitive to temperature.

 

Select a reliable manufacturer when purchasing electronic components can avoid a lot of unnecessary trouble. JYH HSU(JEC) (or Dongguan Zhixu Electronics) not only has full models of ceramic capacitors with guaranteed quality, but also offers worry-free after-sales. JEC factories are ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 certified. Welcome to visit our official website: https://www.jeccapacitor.com